![]() Even where ecosystems contain native deer, invasion by taxonomically exotic deer species carries the risk of cascade effects on spatial plant dynamics and forest composition. In New Zealand, where large herbivores were previously absent, severe and novel impacts have been found in susceptible forests. We review the direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems and evidence for interspecific effects on native deer. ![]() Despite localised or regional concern, the scale and generality of detrimental impacts have not been widely recognised. Their economic value leads to further accidental and deliberate releases and lack of control is contributing to range expansion in Australia, South America and Europe. Numerous deer species have been introduced beyond their native range into ecosystems around the world.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |